Страхование товарного кредита
При несвоевременной оплате, а также полном или частичном отказе от оплаты поставки товара, или оказания услуг, или выполнения производственного заказа возникает необходимость в страховании товарного кредита.
Понятия товарного кредита и его страхования
Под товарным кредитом понимается поставка товаров, оказание услуг или выполнение производственного заказа одним предприятием (называемым поставщиком) другому предприятию (называемым клиентом) без предварительной или немедленной в момент отпуска их оплаты. Дело в том, что при нормальных деловых отношениях предприятий между поставкой товара, выполнением заказа или оказанием услуги и их оплатой находится временной промежуток продолжительностью до 210 дней в зависимости от отрасли или федеральной земли. Из-за этого у предприятия-поставщика возникает потребность в краткосрочном банковской ссуде, т.е. в финансовом кредите, который ему предоставляется каким-либо банком. Такое финансовое кредитование относится в стране к важнейшей форме финансирования предприятий.
Страхование товарного кредита (Warenкreditversicherung,WKV или Delkredere-Versicherung, DKV) следует отличать от страхования финансового кредита на приобретение недвижимости или страхование банковской ссуды. В противоположность этим видам страховых продуктов, которые, в общем-то, являются страхованием остатка долга или отказа от погашения кредита, страхование товарного кредита производится на случай несвоевременной оплаты, а также полного или частичного отказа от оплаты поставки товаров, или оказания услуг, или выполнения производственных заказов. Такое страхование защищает фирму или предприятие-поставщика от возникновения у него в связи с этим убытков как при торговых сделках внутри страны, так и за рубежом. Это достигается путем:
- перенятия задач контроля и проверки возможностей клиента в части оплаты полученных им товаров, оказанных ему услуг или выполненных для него заказов;
- перенятия процедур взыскания долга и предупреждения через суд должника (т.е. соответствующего клиента) о необходимости оплаты;
- возмещения, несмотря на вышеуказанное, возникшего ущерба у поставщика товаров, услуг, заказов.
Когда для поставщика наступает страховой случай
Необходимость в страховой защите возникает у поставщика товаров, услуг, заказов в следующих случаях:
- при возбуждении у клиента процедуры банкротства или отказе им от недостающей массы,
- при открытии у клиента примирительного производства или судебного производства для предотвращения торговой несостоятельности;
- для достижения клиентом со всеми кредиторами внесудебной мировой сделки в части сравнения квот и ликвидации задолженности путем продажи имущества должника (с условием освобождения должника от уплаты возникшей разницы между стоимостью реализованного имущества и долгом);
- если принудительное исполнение своих обязательств клиентом (потребителем товаров) через застрахованных поставщиков завершилось без полного удовлетворения,
- при бесперспективности принудительных мер для обеспечения оплаты клиентом за поставку товаров на основании доказанных невыгодных финансовых обстоятельств у него или для заключения с клиентом соглашения об отказе оплаты им за поставку товара из-за опасности его неплатежеспособности (в замен недополучения дохода при использовании товара);
- при возможности возникновения предпочтительного случая ущерба (обстоятельства неуплаты).
Виды страхования
Страхование товарного кредита. Этот страховой продукт собственно обозначается как страхование не только для поставки товаров, но также и для выполнения заказов и оказания услуг клиентам внутри страны. Если доля иностранных клиентов невелика, то могут быть застрахованы и эти платежные требования в качестве т.н. иностранного дополнения. Специфическими формами страхового договора Warenkreditversicherung (WKV) являются WKV-Start, WKV-S, WKV-plus, WKV-Kompakt и Euro-KV.
Страхование товарного кредита на экспорт. Этот страховой продукт (Ausfuhrkreditversicherung, AKV) собственно обозначается как страхование поставок товаров и оказания услуг для клиентов, находящихся за рубежом. При этом частное страхование этого вида не может подменять собой т.н. страхование ”Hermes-Deckungen”, которое является формой государственного страхования экспортных поставок, осуществляемое акционерным обществом Euler Hermes Kreditversicherungs-AG в качестве уполномоченного государством юридического лица. Принципиальная разница между государственным и частным страхованием экспортных поставок заключается в использовании принципа субсидиарности. Согласно нему государство должно вмешиваться только там, где частная экономика не может перенять на себя определенные функции. Главное поле деятельности государственного страхования – это страхование экспортных сделок с странами, которые находятся вне зоны Европейского экономического сотрудничества, с учетом долгосрочных целей в части своевременной оплаты поставок и заказов и политического риска.
Страхование кредита инвестиционных товаров. В этом виде страхования (Investitionsgüterkredit-versicherung, IKV) речь идет о поставках машин и оборудования, платежные требования на оплату которых имеют длительные сроки действия.
Стандартный страховой полис. Страхование вида WKV, AKV und IKV охватывается т.н. единым страховым полисом, при котором существенно упрощается сотрудничество со страхователем. Наряду с этим некоторые страхователи предлагают также для мелких и средних предприятий простой стандартный полис. При этом речь может идти и о смешанных видах страхования таких, как WKV-Kompakt от AK-Coface, Euro-Kreditversicherung от Atradius-Gruppe, WKV-S от Euler Hermes, WKV-plus от R+V и WKV-Start от г. Цюрих.
Страховой полис XL-Police. Это особая форма страхования товарного кредита предназначается для больших предприятий, которые вписываются в хорошо функционирующее управление дебиторской задолженностью и которые только хотели бы застраховать свои наиболее большие риски, связанные с оплатой платежных требований. При этом страхование предлагается для клиентов, у которых размер предварительно установленного риска от неуплаты требований на поставки превышает 50 млн.евро.
Выбор страховой компании
Рынок страхования товарного кредита в стране представлен, в сущности, тремя основными страховыми компаниями. Самым большим анбитером страховых услуг является компания EULER & Hermes-Gruppe (www.eulerhermes.com), которая принадлежит к страховому концерну Allianz-Konzern. Далее следуют страховая компания Atradius-Gruppe (www.atradius.com) и страховая компания AK-Coface-Gruppe (www.ak-coface.de). Кроме этих больших страховых компаний на рынке страховых услуг действуют еще небольшие компании Zürich Kautions- и Kreditversicherungs-AG (www.zurich.de), R+V Allgemeine Versicherung AG (www.ruv.de) и die Winterthur-Garantie (www.winterthur-garantie.de).
Семен Вадимов
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In our increasingly interconnected world, where technology permeates every aspect of our lives, the demand for electricity continues to rise. With this escalating demand comes the pressing need for sustainable esaver watt energy practices. Power saving devices have emerged as a crucial solution to address this challenge by promoting energy efficiency and reducing overall power consumption.
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Energy-Efficient Appliances:
Investing in energy-efficient appliances is a fundamental step in reducing electricity consumption. These devices are engineered to use less energy while providing the same level of functionality. Examples include ENERGY STAR-rated appliances, LED lighting, and smart home devices that can be programmed to operate more efficiently.
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Conclusion:
In the face of growing energy demands and environmental concerns, power saving devices offer a practical and effective solution to promote sustainability. Whether at home or in industrial settings, integrating these devices into our daily lives is a vital step toward creating a more energy-efficient and environmentally conscious future. Through the adoption of power saving technologies, we can collectively work towards a more sustainable and resilient energy landscape.
Introduction:
In our increasingly interconnected world, where technology permeates every aspect of our lives, the demand for electricity continues to rise. With this escalating demand comes the pressing need for sustainable esaver watt energy practices. Power saving devices have emerged as a crucial solution to address this challenge by promoting energy efficiency and reducing overall power consumption.
Understanding Power Saving Devices:
Power saving devices are designed to optimize energy usage, minimize waste, and enhance the overall efficiency of electrical systems. These devices can be employed in various settings, from households to industries, and they play a pivotal role in conserving energy resources and curbing environmental impact.
Types of Power Saving Devices:
Energy-Efficient Appliances:
Investing in energy-efficient appliances is a fundamental step in reducing electricity consumption. These devices are engineered to use less energy while providing the same level of functionality. Examples include ENERGY STAR-rated appliances, LED lighting, and smart home devices that can be programmed to operate more efficiently.
Smart Power Strips:
Smart power strips are designed to eliminate "phantom" or standby power consumption. Many electronic devices continue to draw power even when turned off, contributing to energy wastage. Smart power strips automatically cut off power to devices that are not in use, preventing unnecessary energy consumption.
Energy Monitors:
Energy monitors provide real-time information about electricity usage pro power save , enabling users to identify power-hungry devices and adjust their usage patterns accordingly. By raising awareness about consumption patterns, individuals and businesses can make informed decisions to reduce energy waste.
Voltage Regulators:
Voltage regulators stabilize the voltage supplied to electronic devices, preventing power fluctuations that can lead to inefficiencies and damage. Maintaining a consistent voltage not only improves the lifespan of appliances but also ensures that they operate at peak efficiency.
Programmable Thermostats:
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are major contributors to household energy consumption. Programmable thermostats allow users to schedule temperature adjustments based on occupancy patterns, reducing the need for constant heating or cooling.
Benefits of Power Saving Devices:
Cost Savings:
Implementing power saving devices can result in significant quadair drone cost savings over time. Reduced energy consumption translates to lower electricity bills for both households and businesses, making energy-efficient practices financially attractive.
Environmental Impact:
Lower energy consumption means reduced greenhouse gas emissions inductivv and a smaller ecological footprint. Power saving devices contribute to environmental sustainability by mitigating the impact of electricity generation on the environment.
Long-term Infrastructure Stability:
As global energy demands increase, power saving devices can play a crucial role in stabilizing electrical infrastructure. By optimizing energy use, these devices help prevent grid overloads and contribute to the long-term reliability of power systems.
Conclusion:
In the face of growing energy demands and environmental concerns, power saving devices offer a practical and effective solution to promote sustainability. Whether at home or in industrial settings, integrating these devices into our daily lives is a vital step toward creating a more energy-efficient and environmentally conscious future. Through the adoption of power saving technologies, we can collectively work towards a more sustainable and resilient energy landscape.
Understanding General Health
General health refers to the overall well-being of an individual across various dimensions. It encompasses physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. Achieving optimal general health involves maintaining a balance between these dimensions, as they are interconnected and influence one another profoundly.
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Nourishing the Spirit
Spiritual health involves finding meaning, purpose, and connection to something greater than oneself. This can take various forms, such as religious beliefs, meditation practices, or spending time in nature. Cultivating a sense of gratitude, forgiveness, and compassion towards oneself and others fosters inner peace and spiritual fulfillment.
Engaging in activities that align with one's values and beliefs, such as volunteering or participating in cultural rituals, can deepen one's spiritual connection and sense of purpose. Taking time for self-reflection and introspection allows individuals to explore their innermost thoughts and feelings, fostering personal growth and self-awareness.
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